New Criticism Analysis of My Papa’s Waltz :: Literary Analysis

New Criticism attracts many readers to its methodologies by enticing them with clearly laid out steps to follow in order to criticize any work of literature. It dismisses the use of all outside sources, asserting that the only way to truly analyze a poem efficiently is to focus purely on the words in the poem. For this interpretation I followed all the steps necessary in order to properly analyze the poem. I came to a consensus on both the tension, and the resolving of it. A poem’s diction plays a fundamental role in analyzing a poem, considering the text is all one needs in order to discover the meaning. My Papa’s Waltz is a fairly short poem, but the words have major impact. The word â€Å"whiskey† (Line 1) implies that the father is a drunk, and this makes the boy â€Å"dizzy,† (Line 2) or in other words, it sickens him. The poem claims the boy is small, making him sound fragile, playing into the next few lines of the poem. â€Å"Death† (Line 3) is a negative connotation, along with â€Å"battered† (Line 10), â€Å"beat† (Line 13), and â€Å"caked hard† (Line 14). â€Å"Romped† (Line 5) has a positive denotation suggesting harmless roughhousing. The word â€Å"countenance† (Line 7) does not flow within the stanza, sounding sharp and negative, paralleling the mother’s stern disapproval. â€Å"Hung† (Line 3) is past tense, therefore the poem is a reflection of a n earlier time. â€Å"Waltzed† (Line 15) takes on a different meaning beyond the dance, making it a synonym for taking someone somewhere. Understanding the words of a poem was the first step in order to analyze My Papa’s Waltz using this methodology. Not only the words, but the figures of speech and other such elements are important to analyzing the poem. Alliteration is seen throughout the entire poem, as in lines one through four, and seven through eight. The alliteration in one through four (whisky, waltzing, was) flows nicely, contrasting to the negativity of the first stanza, while seven through eight (countenance, could) sound unpleasing to the ear, emphasizing the mother’s disapproval. The imagery of the father beating time on the child’s head with his palm sounds harmful, as well as the image of the father’s bruised hands holding the child’s wrists. It portrays the dad as having an ultimate power over the child, instead of holding his hands, he grabs his wrists.

Faculty Member Participation in Decision-making of Universities Essay

Decisions encapsulate and encompass the people and system that make up any institution or organization. The decisions and those making them reflect one another to give an accurate and precise notion of how they want to be perceived generally. In this effect, those that are not accounted for in the decision making process are not reflected in the notion of perception by society. Therefore, I am proposing that the faculty member must be given ample respect and opportunity in the decisions of the university. This proposal shall thus center its attention at the teaching staff members of University of Nottingham in Australia and king Saud University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The main issue that is a stake here is the value and importance of including the decisions of a member of a teaching staff in the overall decisions in the university. The underlying implication here is to ask whether or not the decision of a faculty staff member will be beneficial or detrimental to the university. Moreover, pragmatically speaking, the decision process of any university must take into consideration the ideas and contributions of every staff and school official due to the fact that each of them knows what is happening in the university from their own point of view and at the same time, they will also be affected by the decisions they make. The decision that does not include other related aspects that can be attributed to it such as those that a faculty staff member can bring in making decisions will not be as encompassing as it should be. It is therefore a privilege to make this study and be able to promulgate this stand of revolutionizing the decision making process in the university so that it may truly encapsulate the very nature and purpose of what it really means to make the decisions. And at the same time, this research will draw the spotlight to where darkness has already made its niche; the unheard voices of the teaching staff members. Relevant Theories and Literature People say that making decisions is like speaking prose because they do it all the time knowingly and unknowingly. It is thus hardly surprising that the topic of decision making involves many disciplines, from mathematics to statistics, through economics and political science, to sociology and psychology (Kahneman and Tversky, 2000). Still, there are even some who liken and compare the nature of decision making to that of the game of chess analyzing the complex and multiple implications that it entails (Katsenelinboigen, 1997). While on the other hand, there are those who rely on statistical and mathematical facts administering decision theory (Berger, 1980). The responsibility of decision making and taking decisions are considered the essence of the administrative process as emphasized by Simon (AL Masri, 1989) since it forms an important part of the positions needed by humanitarian institutions including higher educational institutions. Academic sections in university faculties of different specialties are considered a means for satisfying universities basic objectives as 80% of administrative decisions are taken at the level of departments (Athuhaibti, 1981). The academic department, as seen by Anderson, is the academic unit that involves specialists in research, teaching and other academic aspects. Decision making in the administrative sphere consists of three basic pillars. The first one is about the availability of a human person in a position that has its special circumstances. Secondly, it also important to think in those circumstances to find an outlet to them. And lastly, it is vital to think right to be able to ensure an effective outlet or a suitable alternative. In another aspect, if this is seen from a statistical perspective, the decision making aspect of every problem can actually be formalized through an explicit specification covering the available decisions, the items of cost and gain involved in making the decisions and the relevant probability distributions (De Groot, 2004). Therefore, it is of great importance and of considerable value that a teaching staff member in a university’s department to be given the amount of respect in sharing the responsibilities in making the important decisions with regard to the university whether it is in a large scale level or in a small scale level. Such a person must be heard and be given significant attention for the very reason that the person who can make the best, most practical and most meaningful decisions are the very persons who are affected by the issues at hand and also the very persons for whom the decision will be made in the first place. How can anyone make a concrete and feasible decision if the very person making the decision does not even fully understand and feel the root and effects of the very decision itself? Moreover, it must be absolutely imperative that superiors deal with their subordinates under the bases of psycho humanitarian manners. What is essential to comprehend here is the fact that every person must be treated as a human being and not just a mere willing tool carrying out tasks. People must never be treated as a mere object disregarding their moral feelings and existence who are just as affected by the environment and the natural surroundings like everyone else regardless of their race, gender, color, ethnicity, educational attainment, and nationality. As a result, leadership should pay attention to the needs of their subordinates in a serious way. Thus, another essential thing is the value of loyalty. Loyalty here is not lopsided where in one side shall receive all the benefits while the other lifts the burdens of responsibility. The subordinates must be loyal to their leaders, and in the same way, the leaders must be loyal and even responsible for their subordinates. At the end of the day, both sides must work as one and realize that loyalty and responsibility does not only come through carrying out decisions, but more importantly, it is about the successful dialogue and participation in decision making by all. The subject matter of this study shall delve into the necessity and the relevancy of the involvement of the teaching staff members in the decision making process in the administrative arena qualifying and valuing their decision making contributions and capabilities not only for the betterment of the university but for the growth and development of the teaching staff members as well. This will then give credence and moral boosting performance and efficiency to their respective academic fields. This will further create more new and viable ideas that are usually unnoticed and ignored due to the massiveness of certain issues that are encountered in the decision making process. In addition, this will greatly lessen the burden of responsibility and the pressure of infallibility carried by the higher officials. Some institutions and organizations find the decision making process to be so relatively important that computer-based decision support systems have been invented to assist decision makers in considering the implications of various courses of thinking and help reduce risk in human errors (Flyvbjerg, 2006) Study Methodology This research shall depend in studying the subject and issues at hand through an analytical descriptive method. The research method will follow any deduction that takes this phenomenon from psychological and educational aspects as it is in present time for the purpose of diagnosing, revealing and identifying the relationships among its components or among educational, psychological or social aspects (Al-Ghanem, 1988). The focal point in this research method is seeing the interconnectedness and most importantly, the interdependence of every aspect and relationship that the faculty staff member has with the university. Empirical Work With regard to the empirical data that needs to be collected for this research, the primary source to look with respect to this proposal is the system of the university itself. This comprises of knowing who makes the decisions and how these people make them. The university structural hierarchy will give an ample specification of the decision making process in the university. Moreover, the opinions of the faculty staff members and school officials in relation to the decision making process will be a good foundation for this research. It is also of considerable value in tackling this issue by understanding the location and type of universities that will be assesses as well as the country or culture of the faculty staff members and school officials who will be involved. This research will concentrate on two universities as mentioned. The advantage of this is that the research will have a vast and diverse analysis on the matter and will not be limited by the boundaries that are set by the geographical location. The disadvantage of this research might be seen in the inconsistency in any information gathered. This may arise because of location of the universities and also the willingness of people to give truthful and relevant information. It is expected that this research may cause hesitancy to certain people due to the delicate issue it is asserting. Study Importance The importance of this study arises from the fact that it is going to: 1. Highlight the necessity of opening new horizons to a teaching staff member concerning the optimal method of participating in decision making so as to be an active member in promoting administrative work, which in turn also serves as an academic work done by the member himself. 2. Help the teaching staff member in employing and enhancing his various abilities and techniques in fields widening their knowledge aside from teaching, i. e. getting him outside the closed circle of academic work as well. 3. This study will transform and alter the terms of knowing the participation of a teaching staff member in decision making in University of Nottingham and King Saud University. 4. Add new information and recommendations that help and benefit in increasing the effective participation of a teaching staff member in decision making in those two universities. Study Objectives This study aims to identify teaching staff members’ points of view or perception regarding their participation in making decisions in University of Nottingham and King Saud University and in a way that is more defined; this current study aims at the following: 1. Identifying the extent of teaching staff members’ participation or contribution in university decision making in University of Nottingham and King Saud University. 2. Knowing the extent of difference in the points of view of the subjects of the study sample concerning participation in decision making with the difference of study variables. 3. Identifying the degree of importance of teaching staff member in university decision making by perceiving it through three dimensional studies: the academic dimension, the administrative dimension and the financial dimension. 4. Diagnose the obstacles that can lead a teaching staff member not to participate in making university decisions. Let it therefore be stated that this study tries to state out the motives and value of the teaching staff members in participating in decision making process at the level of the University of Nottingham in Australia and king Saud University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as well as the factors that hamper or hinder their participation in an effective and beneficial way. Study Questions: The researcher will discuss his study questions with respect to the objectives mentioned above, therefore, the study will revolve around the following four questions: Question (1) How far or to what extent can a teaching staff member of the University of Nottingham participate in the university’s decision making process from the point of view of the study sample individuals? Question (2) How far or to what extent can a teaching staff member of the King Saud University participate in the university’s decision making process from the point of view of the study sample individuals? Question (3) Are there any statistical differences among the points on view of the study sample subjects concerning the participation extent in university decision making in accordance with demographic variables (gender, nationality, academic degree and experience)? Question (4) Does the degree of extent of a teaching staff member’s participation in university decision making differs towards the three dimensional study: â€Å"the academic dimension, the administrative dimension and the financial dimension† with the demographic variables: â€Å"gender, nationality and the difference in job (administrative and non administrative)? Question (5) What are the obstacles or hindrances that lead the teaching staff member from refraining or from being prevented to participate in university decision making from the points of view of study sample individuals? Conclusion I am therefore optimistic that this research can revolutionize or change the traditional way of how faculty staff members, school officials and universities think and interact in their own school communities. This research can further foster dialogue with regard to the conflicts that may arise between faculty staff members and school officials. This research can also bring about beneficial and better improvements to the university as a whole through having a comprehensive decision making process. This research makes an original contribution in the issue at hand because of the diversity in the information and subjects that are discussed which are not limited to only one culture, system or location thereby filling the gaps of other related researches that have narrowly focused in a limited subject and area. Finally, this research can expand to improving educational systems as a whole and also foster a developmental analysis on faculty staff member or school officials as indivudals. References: 1. Al-Masri, Ahmad Mohammad. (1989) Communications, Decisions and their Effectiveness in Administration, Dubai, Dar Al-Kalam. 2. Berger, James O. (1980) Statistical Decision Theory and Bayesian Analysis. 2nd ed. Springer Series in Statistics. 3. Best John, translated by Abdullaziz Ghanem Al-Ghanem and revised by Adel Izziddin Al-Ashwal. (1988) Educational Research Methods. Al-Kuwait Institution for Scientific Development, The Directorate of writing, translation and publishing, Al-Kuwait. 4. De Groot, Morris. (2004) Optimal Statistical Decisions. Wiley Classics Library. 5. Flyvbjerg, Bent. (2006) From Nobel Prize to Project Management: Getting Risks Right. Project Management Journal, vol. 37, no. 3, August 2006, pp. 5-15. 6. Kahneman, Daniel and Tversky, Amos. (2000) Choice, Values, Frames. The Cambridge University Press. 7. Katsenelinboigen, Aron. (1997) The Concept of Indeterminism and Its Applications: Economics, Social Systems, Ethics, Artificial Intelligence, and Aesthetics Praeger: Westport, Connecticut.

Historical Fiction And Its Importance On Society - 805 Words

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Swot Analysis A Pestel Essay - 1645 Words

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Emerging Adulthood A Step Up From Childhood - 1102 Words

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Therefore, disturbing experiences lead to changes of mind, growth in morals, and an emerging sense of adulthood. David changes his mind about Uncle Frank through the traumatic experiences regarding the discovery of Frank#8217;s secret actions. Uncle Frank used to be David#8217;s idol and David adored him. But that all changed when David#8217;sRead MoreAn Analysis of a Woman’s Manhood in A Doll’s House Essay698 Words   |  3 Pagestheir death beds. Growing up and maturing goes hand in hand. A master plot seen in Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House is maturation. Maturation is when the Protagonist faces a problem that is part of growing up, and from dealing with it, emerging into a state of adulthood. The protagonist Nora is developed throughout the play from an ignorant child to a strong willed â€Å"man† on a quest for knowledge. In the play Nora goes from her father’s home to her husband’s home. Nora’s childhood is filled with toys and

Critical Analysis of CSR

Question: Some critics of CSR claim it is little more than greenwashing; to what extent do you agree or disagree? Answer: Introduction: As stated by Alves (2014), with greater embracement on the green products and services, several corporate bodies have been found to litigate their marketing plans surrounding false and misleading environmental marketing approach. This means of marketing activity has been popularly termed as greenwashing that merges the concept of green (environmentally sound) and whitewashing (concealing the wrongdoing) as an approach to marketing. A greenwasher is a firm that selectively discloses the good news and retains the bad news. As argued by Bazillier and Vauday (2015), CSR activities carried on by major Companies are more like an iceberg; it is invisible to a large extent. These activities are often targeted to attempt corporate domination rather than a simply defensive image management activity. Eco-friendly products, organic and natural components are the common misleading terms that major companies use to portray an eco-friendly nature of the products that they manufacture and sell (Parg uel et al. 2012). Emergence of Greenwashing Practices: Greenwashing is not something new in practice but evidences suggest that these malpractices have its root in the 1970s when there was emergence of environmental movements (Alves 2014)). It was during that time, that many companies started misleading consumers stating that the products or services offered by them are environmental friendly. In this respect, Mahoney et al. (2013) pointed out that by realizing the beneficial impact of the greenwashing CSR activities, many companies often opt for increasing the investment on these practices. Mahoney et al. (2013) also revealed certain evidences that a corporate body can easily undertake a reputation strategy to cover up the unusual or other things that might create a bad reputation against the company. These evidences have been getting highlighted easily because consumers have become more conscious about the activities and at the same time, the media has become aware and ready to highlight any kind of misleading situation that a corporat e organization can perform. Corporate Social Responsibility and advertisement are the strategic complements that major corporate houses use to create a sustainability approach towards the society. In the view point of Parguel et al. (2012), the corporate responsibilities towards the society and the environment have resulted in greenwashing due to certain identified unusual suspects towards the CSR practices. These practices, if considered from the perspective of economic benefits, have helped many companies to make good amount of money. As stated by Tsagas (2012), CSR activities also act as a means of communication for the corporate organizations. Advertisements and CSR activities are carried on to improve the reputation of the companies. In order to support this fact, taking a wrong approach and spreading misinformation by communication is a common scenario. Therefore, CSR and green communication are usually used by the firms as a strategic tool to achieve their goals. Theoretical Approaches Towards Greenwashing CSR Activities: Visser (2012) commented the greenwashing practices have changed to a large extent and the practitioners have been found to use new and better techniques to deliberately hide the unwanted consequences and send non-verifiable information to mislead the consumers. A theoretical framework suggests that there are two levels of communication: the cue, which are the non-verifiable information and the other are the hard news which can be verified by the consumers in lieu of certain expenses. According to, Visser (2012) in the first cue, the firm is found to disclose the information to the public without any sort of greenwashing and by not investing in much in disclosing the information to the consumers. However, in case of other form the firm has to invest and filter the evidences to a great extent in order to create a good image among the consumers. The EU Takeover Directive towards the inclusion of socially responsible behavior of major organizations to create a safeguard firm towards the corporate control. It was under this provision that the corporate activities of the organizations were held under adequate observation (Tsagas 2012). In addition to this, detailed analysis of the economic benefits and other determinants will be analyzed and then if needed proper alteration of the activities shall also be made. The commission reported that the corporate bodies have to perform certain social responsibilities towards the society that would not only benefit the particular enterprise but also the society where it operates (Tsagas 2012). The activities should not only benefit the shareholders of the organization but the consumers as well. Evidences of Greenwashing Activities: A recent case has been highlighted in California where major water manufacturing companies were accused on the use of the water bottles. The bottles were claimed to be biodegradable and recyclable but the truth was revealed very soon (Mahoney et al. 2013). Another such issue was highlighted from Cadbury as well. The Chocolate Company is well known for its fascinating history of its CSR activities. Kraft taking over the Company was always at a risk but the same risks were mitigated by the promises made by the Company towards their consumers. Again, if a similar case is considered, Quaker Oats also made promises to improve the condition of the society by offering wholesome nourishment to the hungry and the malnourished and to give employment to the unemployed (Filipovic 2013). However, the situation was changed very soon the whole vision of the Company to improve the social condition disappeared. Conclusion: By the end of the discussion, it has been observed that undertaking malpractices in the form of CSR activities. Greenwashing is a common approach that major organizations are undertaking to create a pseudo and positive image of the organization to the consumers. There have been a number of regulations that have been made to improve the condition of the social activities undertaken by these organizations. However, in order to keep pace with the increasing competition, the corporate organizations at times are found to take certain approaches that are not good enough for the society and the consumers as well. Therefore, it can be said that with better regulations and by laying certain provisional regulations, the malpractices can be curbed to certain extent. Reference List: Alves, I., 2014. Green spin everywhere: How greenwashing reveals the limits of the CSR paradigm.Journal of Global Change and Governance,2(1), pp.1-26. Bazillier, R. and Vauday, J., 2015. The greenwashing machine: is CSR more than communication. Filipovic, C. 2013. Bittersweet: How Kraft's Acquisition of Cadbury Ended the Dynasty of a CSR Luminary | Justmeans. [online] Justmeans.com. Available at: https://www.justmeans.com/blogs/bittersweet-how-krafts-acquisition-of-cadbury-ended-the-dynasty-of-a-csr-luminary [Accessed 28 Dec. 2016]. Mahoney, L.S., Thorne, L., Cecil, L. and LaGore, W., 2013. A research note on standalone corporate social responsibility reports: Signaling or greenwashing?.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,24(4), pp.350-359. Parguel, B., Benot-Moreau, F. and Larceneux, F., 2012. How sustainability ratings might deter greenwashing: A closer look at ethical corporate communication.Journal of business ethics,102(1), pp.15-28. Tsagas, G. 2012. Reflecting on the Value of Socially Responsible Practices Post Takeover of Cadburys Plc by Kraft Foods Inc: Implications for the Revision of the EU Takeover Directive. SSRN Electronic Journal. Visser, W., 2012.The age of responsibility: CSR 2.0 and the new DNA of business. John Wiley Sons.

Database Management Managers and Decision Makers

Question: Describe about the Database Management for Managers and Decision Makers. Answer: Introduction Managers and decision makers in an entity use computer-based decision support system to make vital, decisions inherent to an organization. Managers are faced with the hurdle of selecting the best choice among alternative solutions. Findings from Acito, Khatri (2014) publication denoted that computer-based decision support system has the capabilities of analyzing information fast. Empirically, the initial decision faced by manager includes increasing the market share, increase business productivity and enhance the quality of good and service delivery. A DSS is an interactive computer-based database with people, procedures, telecommunication, and devices that aid decision makers to solve structured and non-structured business problems (Atkinson et al. 2013). DSS support system has evolved over time from simple oriented mode to advanced multi-function database systems. The entity databases are connected with mainframe computers, which managers use to come up with structured and periodic reports. Other decisions supported by the database include production, pricing, marketing, and logistical functions. Advanced database technology has embraced client and server technologies that provide real-time analytics of the market and consumer behavior. Many entities have started to upgrade their data warehousing, object-oriented technology (OBT) and Network Infrastructure. The upgrade has a mark on Decision Support system (DSS) in firms. Additionally, the rapid evolution of the Internet-based capabilities has made DSS a reality. Presently, there are many new innovative systems such as OLAP, Sage, and Pastel. All these computer based database systems have had a profound role in aiding managers make vital decisions for an entity. According to Baltzan (2012), the conceptual framework of these data based models is essential in understanding the actualization of a DSS in a firm. Managers mainly use DSS for searching, retrieving and analyzing data. Users of this database system search for co-relation between data, analyze the data, allow for trend analysis, and create reports (Chang, 2016). Additionally, managers can carry out the conjoint analysis by having alternative scenario by asking what if queries. Subsequently, DSS supports both strategic and tactical decisions which are employed to, leverage manager experience in a particular field. This paper hence presents a detailed literature review on how could business decisions be better supported with databases. The aim of the study This proposal envisions in the completion of the research project on how could business decisions be made better supported with databases. Presently, many publications have affirmed the role of computer-based database systems in decision-making. The DSS is made up of the transaction system that provides the manager with real-time information used for decision-making. The emphasis of the computer-based database does not focus on information quantity, but rather the quality. Characteristics of data quality include relevancy, timeliness, accurateness, unbiased and consistency. My main objectives in this paper will be: Exploring the impact of a database in business decision making. Identification of the merits of using database system in business decision-making Establishing the factors that have led to the success of database system in business decision making. Study hypothesis The study hypothesis for this study will be Every manager relies on database management system to make the vital decision in a firm. Many organizations have adopted the data based systems in their decision-making chain Adoption of the database management systems has a profound impact on decision making in an entity. Research question Managers in the business organization have a reason to adopt the database management systems in the decision-making process as denoted by Coronel Morris (2016). The main research question will be; what is the impact of adoption of database systems in business decision making? Justification and potential output Before technology development, many organizations had a long decision-making process. It was essential for companies to consider embracing technology when making vital decisions. Earlier purchasing managers had a challenge in inventory tracking. Inventory would be easily lost since tracking mechanisms were cumbersome and inefficient. The introduction of DSS computer based systems presents a better way where business decisions are made efficiently. The database decision-making system can provide comparative sales figures, projected revenues and consequences off past decision making. Top tier management uses DSS to make strategic decisions; middle-level management can use to make the tactical decision while the lower level management uses it for day-to-day operations. The rationale for this paper is to depict that database management systems can be used to control inefficiencies in decision-making. Conceptual framework: Literature review Data based Cloud connectivity in inventory management Hair (2015) denotes the use of cloud connectivity technology to track and manage inventory in real time. Private cloud computing will increase track and manage inventory efficiency from about 63% to about 78% thus driving SCM management adoption up from 58% to about 71%. Additionally, there will be a shift of more enterprise workloads to cloud computing. 17% of SCM process is tracked by cloud computing technologies. Use of Source tagging to keep track on inventory and stocks is necessary. A data based tagging solution has been taunted as the best way of tracking inventory from the point of purchase to the warehouse (Hernandez, 2013). To align supply and demand, managers may use network cloud that will track market changes. Managers can use the cloud connectivity system to adapt to seasonal trend and other fluctuation that may occur in the market. The cloud connectivity technologies such as e- procurement network are an essential feature that can be used by managers to predict supply chain disruption and adapt quickly to business processes (Hubbard, 2014).This system will enable managers to know the entire supply chain, not just suppliers, but also the source of the vendor's merchandise. The e-procurement network will aid Managers in responding to risk pro-actively by creating precautionary measures against inventory management. Firms should have a cloud based product code-named NetScaler. This e-procurement software Product is competing against established products such as F5 Networks and A10 networks. NetScaler present an ideal internet based SCM application software solution (Ik et al. 2013). However, the compa ny should put in efforts to make sure it perfects it e- procurement software in tracking and managing inventory. Projected analysis for Microsoft Cloud Product has been used by managers to track the movement of inventory. CRM, Azure, and Office365 are expected to be adopted by many firms in 2018. Additionally, Amazon data Web services will generate about $7.78 Billion of income in 2019. Efficiency in the cloud computing industry is set to intensify because of entry of IBM in the provision of private and hybrid cloud infrastructure service (Jarke et al. 2013). Data based Source tagging in decision-making Managers use Source tagging to determine the volume and location of all merchandise across all distribution channels. Source tagging is an important SCM mechanism of inventory tracking thus minimizing wastage. Managers (CEO) may continue monitoring stock level and replenish the stocks when sensor detect stock is running out of control. Essentially, a more precise level of visibility ensures that the retailer has the information on the product in the supply chain (Johnson, 2014).Managers may also embrace having a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) that will allow her pinpoint inventory at the three branches in real time. Data based ABC in Cost Control Essentially, ABC systems assign each cost to products and services. Managers may use the idea of this management accounting tool to improve operations of the company (Kaufmann Wittman, 2016). They can utilize this robust estimation method to measure the performance of his entity. Additionally, he can use ABC to identify, describe, and assign the cost. ABC costing system is more efficient than the traditional costing method because Managers can use ABC costing to identify opportunities that will improve the effectiveness of business processes (sterle, 2013).The real value of stock, are ascertained through ABC method. Managers can assign the value to each item thus gaining the better understanding of productivity of each item. The company corporate strategy involves embracing business and accelerating mobile technology by having a smooth decision-making process within SCM departments in the entity Optimization tools in determination of Demand and Supply in the market The standalone software uses data from ERP and WMS to evaluate the entire network and determine the best inventory prices for each outdoor product sold. The optimizations tools take into account in demand and supply variability by determining the amount of inventory to be held. The popularity of these tools can be attributed to their ability to provide optimization capabilities (Peirson et al. 2014). However, Managers must make sure that the systems are free from human intervention because if tampered they cannot depict the real inventory variability. Single platform that employs business solutions that use real-time analytics The days of cash flow management vis Excel spreadsheets are over. Managers should adopt a great operation and sales plan solution that use unifies model of demand and financial data. Managers can use this analytics to determine an efficiency of each branch cash management systems. Also, they can perform rapid, scenario planning and carry simulation thus supporting planning and cash flow management (Power et al. 2015). Having, a centralized platform where one picture of inventory and cost is shared, Managers will have real-time information on cash movement readily available. Have an integrated Inventory Management program Managers are obliged to conduct an in-depth evaluation and implement revised inventory and purchasing program. .Moreover, the sales plan for all departments should be sent to SCM in the head office. Inventory process from branches should be consolidated into one system; The SCM department communicates with the purchase managers in offices to prepare a procurement plan. Additionally, Managers should come up with an inventory process that embraced demand and supply in the market.( Rodrguez-Enrquez et al., 2006). The new program should evaluate forecasts, ordering procedures with detailed analysis by SKUs. Managers will realize that simulation of inventory will yield saving opportunities. Managers ought to adopt an action plan to restructure firm inventory and purchasing functions. For business efficiency; Managers are deemed to make all branches purchase supply and demand management to be amalgamated to one fold controlled by the CEO. These sales department, Logistics, and production should be integrated and transferred to the SCM of the head office. Efficiency would be realities when the SCM department receives an order from customers and comes up with a procurement plan .To ensure branch efficiency; Managers should institute Key performance index metrics on the purchase and inventory management department.Managers should replenish systems, evaluate vendor orders, and receipt cycles. They will understand that operation costs of the inventory value will be reduced to 25%. Moreover, the product list volume will increase from 20% to 40%. Data based Business Communication Time division multiplexing (TDM) Data based systems can be used by managers to enhance business communication. Communication between staff members is done via the signal flags. They act as multiplexers. Each student is assigned a multiplexer (a line sharing device) that will group small streams of traffic together and align them to achieve a high capacity speed transmission. At the end of transmission, a multiplier allows transmission of messages emanating from multiple sources, while also maintaining separation between words. Staff members use the time division multiplexing (TDM) where signals from each device are separated into single bit periods. The lead controller interleaves the signals altogether and merges them into one multiplexed signal.Our system embraces message clarity. With a combination of the color folder signal and different body language to communicate, we believe our message will be sent quickly and accurately. To enhance clarity, the manager utilizes his or her own Open System Interconnection mod el (OSI) model (Rosu et al. 2012, July). The application layer enabled the students application programs to interact with the networks. We could have used the application layer for database management or mail transfer. The model also incorporated the presentation layer. Specifically, this layer defines the way data from all student is presented, coded, and converted. Although the staff member usually gives handwritten information, the presentation layer transmits the message in language a computer can understand. IFE matrix in decision-making Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix is an efficient management tool in auditing and evaluation of the large internal strengths and subsequent weaknesses in the functional areas in an organization. Moreover, the matrix provides a basis for evaluation of relationships among functional areas of business. Mainly, this data based model is used by managers as a strategy formulation technique. In some aspects, this method correlates with the balanced scorecard. Besides, the IFE matrix uses internal factors, weaknesses, and strengths to evaluate the competitive position of an entity in the industry. Further, the company resources and capabilities are used to compare the industry success to the post of the company in the same industry Data based cloud connectivity to affect business operations Innovation that changes the cloud connectivity starts at this stage. Decision-making between departments starts mainly in three business units namely; Workspace services, mobility apps and Workspace Services. Communication between these units is executed through virtualization, networking, data sharing, web collaboration and IT support. Marketing and Communication team drives firms mission and vision around the globe (Zikmund 2013). Further, this team is tasked with branding and creation on the corporation image. This team has incorporated corporate branding, product marketing, alliance marketing, and field marketing. Further, e-commerce and creation of SMB demand are implemented within this department. Decision making for this entity in issues regarding accounting, financial planning, and investor decision are made in the head office. Moreover, the organization responsibility for supply chain management, global IT strategy, and partnership with other businesses are executed in the head office while communication is conveyed to the branches. The finance department holds the responsibility for shipping teams, facilities, and purchasing. Human Resources Managers considers database recruitment softwares for hiring and placement. Specifically, the HR have as strategic look at the entity with a complete emphasis on retaining a talented and a motivated workforce, Some of the profound HR services include Hiring and staffing, learning and development, compensation, consulting, corporate citizenship and employee citizenship Methodology of the Study The operational steps of research from the hypothesis to final data analysis are known research methodology as denoted by Scholz (2012). On the other hand, the study design is the analysis of data, which aims at combining research relevance with the underlying procedure. The design involves observational. Sampling and operational design for the study on how could business decisions be better supported with databases. Profoundly, the study will embrace quantitative and qualitative study methods. Sampling design According to Zikmund et al. (2013), the sampling design adopted in the survey is based on representational analysis of the survey. Random sampling will be used when evaluating research variables. The study will make sure manager selected have adopted database management techniques in decision-making. Random sampling design Random questionnaires will be distributed to all randomly selected managers. Consequently, the study will come up with a record of executives respondents as it comes up with the kind of information to be filled in the data. Random sampling is favored since it simple to use and capable of data and sampling method (Stein et al. (2013) Observable design The observable method in this study involves a different method of collecting primary and secondary data. Researchers prefer survey method in the collection of primary data. However, this study will embrace direct interviews carried on managers in the chosen organizations. The questionnaires will be tailored towards the collection of information regarding the impact of a database system in decision-making (Simon, 2013). Interview process The interview method will involve a presentation of oral verb response from the targeted managers. This interview method is fastest and the most flexible method used to identify relevant question used in this study Use of questionnaires The study questionnaires will be formulated on the basis globally accepted security privacy regulations. The majority of the research questions are subjective to a no or yes answer. Other questionnaires will be multiple-choice questions. After filling the questionnaires, they are forwarded to the respective HR department for collection. Statistical design Statistical tools are crucial as the help the researcher to analyze data collected and design the research process thus researchers can draw the conclusion of the study. Additionally, the tools are important in testing the research hypothesis. In this study, SPSS statistical software and advanced Excel analytics will be used as data analysis tools. ANOVA test will be used to experimental data variability. Chi-Squares tests will be used to extract data from excel. Hypothesis testing will be evaluated using significance levels generated from cross-tabulation of collected data. Organization, budget, and schedule First, the progress of the research project will involve sending the request to carry background checks on decisions reached by management in different institutions. Subsequently, it will be followed by identifying chosen data collection methods to collect the necessary data for research. The main challenge we are likely to face financial hurdles when carrying this whole process. Budget Parameter Cost in USD ($) Transportation $ 200 Questionnaires $ 100 Stationary $40 Data analysis $ 150 Total $ 490.00 Schedule Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June July Pre-visit Data collection Data Analysis Report presentation END References Acito, F., Khatri, V. (2014). Business analytics: Why now and what next?.Business Horizons,57(5), 565-570. Atkinson, M., Baxter, R., Brezany, P., Corcho, O., Galea, M., Parsons, M., ... van Hemert, J. (Eds.). (2013).The data bonanza: improving knowledge discovery in science, engineering, and business(Vol. 90). John Wiley Sons. Baltzan, P. (2012).Business driven technology. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Chang, J. F. (2016).Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press Coronel, C., Morris, S. (2016).Database systems: design, implementation, management. Cengage Learning. Hair, J. F. (2015).Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Hernandez, M. J. (2013).Database design for mere mortals: a hands-on guide to relational database design. Pearson Education. Hubbard, D. W. (2014).How to measure anything: Finding the value of intangibles in business. John Wiley Sons. Ik, ., Jones, M. C., Sidorova, A. (2013). Business intelligence success: The roles of capabilities and decision environments.Information Management,50(1), 13-23. Jarke, M., Lenzerini, M., Vassiliou, Y., Vassiliadis, P. (2013).Fundamentals of data warehouses. Springer Science Business Media. Johnson, P. F. (2014).Purchasing and supply management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kaufmann, E., Wittmann, W. W. (2016). The success of linear bootstrapping models: Decision domain-, expertise-, and criterion-specific meta-analysis.PloS one,11(6), e0157914. sterle, H. (2013).Business in the information age: heading for new processes. Springer Science Business Media. Peirson, G., Brown, R., Easton, S., Howard, P. (2014).Business finance. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Power, D. J., Sharda, R., Burstein, F. (2015).Decision support systems. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Rodrguez-Enrquez, C. A., Alor-Hernndez, G., Mejia-Miranda, J., Snchez-Cervantes, J. L. Rosu, D., Cheng, W., Jan, E. E., Ayachitula, N. (2012, July). Connecting the dots in IT service delivery: From operations content to high-level business insights. InService Operations and Logistics, and Informatics (SOLI), 2012 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 410-415). IEEE. Scholz-Reiter, B., Stickel, E. (Eds.). (2012).Business process modelling. Springer Science Business Media. Simon, P. (2013).Too Big to Ignore: The Business Case for Big Data(Vol. 72). John Wiley Sons. Stein, A. D., Smith, M. F., Lancioni, R. A. (2013). The development and diffusion of customer relationship management (CRM) intelligence in business-to-business environments.Industrial Marketing Management,42(6), 855-861. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. Cengage Learning.